Makala a Mabeli le Likhomishene li Fana ka Ka kopanelo Lingoliloeng tse 21 ho Khothaletsa Tsoelo-pele ea Boemo bo Phahameng ba Matla a Macha Mehleng e Ncha!

Mongolo oa mantlha o tjena:

Moralo oa ts'ebetsong oa ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo ba matla a macha nakong e ncha

Khomishene ea Naha ea Ntlafatso le Phetoho Tsamaiso ea Naha ea Matla

 

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, nts'etsopele ea matla a macha a naha ea heso e emeloang ke matla a moea le motlakase oa photovoltaic e fihletse liphello tse tsotehang.Matla a kentsoeng a maemong a pele lefatšeng, karolo ea phepelo ea motlakase e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, 'me litšenyehelo li theohile ka potlako.Ha e le hantle e kene mohatong o mocha oa ntlafatso ea tekano le lithuso.Ka nako e ts'oanang, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea matla a macha a ntse a e-na le litšitiso tse kang ho se khonehe ho lekaneng ha tsamaiso ea matla ho khokahanyo ea marang-rang le tšebeliso ea tekanyo e kholo le e phahameng ea matla a macha, le litšitiso tse totobetseng holim'a mehloli ea mobu.Ho fihlella maikemisetso a ho fihlella kakaretso e kentsweng ya matla a moya le matla a letsatsi a fetang dikilowate tse 1.2 bilione ka 2030, le ho potlakisa kaho ya sistimi ya eneji e hlwekileng, e tlase, e bolokehileng le e sebetsang hantle, re tlameha ho latela tataiso. Khopolo ea Xi Jinping ka Bososhiale ka Litšobotsi tsa Machaena bakeng sa Nako e Ncha, e felletseng, e nepahetse, 'me e kenya tšebetsong mohopolo o mocha oa nts'etsopele, ho hokahanya nts'etsopele le polokeho, ho latela molao-motheo oa ho theha pele le ho senya, le ho etsa meralo e akaretsang, papali e betere. karolo ea matla a macha ho netefatsa phepelo ea matla le phepelo e ntseng e eketseha, le ho thusa ho fihlela tlhoro ea khabone le ho se nke lehlakore ka khabone.Ho ea ka liqeto le litokisetso tsa Komiti e Bohareng ea Mokha le Lekhotla la Naha, merero e latelang ea ts'ebetsong e etsoa ka mokhoa ona ho ntšetsa pele ntlafatso ea boleng bo phahameng ba matla a macha nakong e ncha.

I. Mokhoa o mocha oa ntlafatso le tšebeliso ea matla a macha

(1) Ho potlakisa kaho ea metheo e meholo ea matla a moea a photovoltaic e shebaneng le mahoatata, Gobi le libaka tsa mahoatata.Matlafatsa boiteko ba ho rera le ho aha mokhoa o mocha oa phepelo ea matla le tšebeliso ea matla e thehiloeng metheong e meholo ea moea le ea photovoltaic, e ts'ehetsoeng ke matla a mashala a hloekileng, a sebetsang hantle, a tsoetseng pele le a pholosang matla ho e potoloha, le ka UHV e tsitsitseng, e bolokehileng le e tšepahalang. phetiso le methapo ya phetoho joalo ka mojari., ho rera khetho ea libaka, tšireletso ea tikoloho le lintlha tse ling ho matlafatsa khokahanyo le tataiso, le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahlobo le tumello.Ho ea ka litlhoko tsa ho khothaletsa motsoako o nepahetseng oa mashala le matla a macha, likhoebo tsa matla a mashala li khothaletsoa ho etsa likhoebo tse ngata tse kopanetsoeng le likhoebo tse ncha tsa matla.

(2) Ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e kopaneng ea nts'etsopele ea matla a macha le ts'ebeliso le ntlafatso ea mahaeng.Khothaletsa mebuso ea libaka ho matlafatsa matsapa a ho ts'ehetsa lihoai ho sebelisa marulelo a bona ho aha li-photovoltaics tsa malapa, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea matla a moea a fetisoang libakeng tsa mahaeng.Ho hokahanya phetoho ea matla a mahaeng le nts'etsopele ea moruo oa mahaeng, ho hlaolela libapali tse ncha tsa mebaraka joalo ka likoporasi tsa motlakase tsa mahaeng, le ho khothaletsa lihlopha tsa metse ho sebelisa mobu o kopaneng ho latela molao ho kenya letsoho ntlafatsong ea merero e mecha ea matla ka mekhoa e joalo ka tlhahlobo ea boleng le boleng. ho ba le kabelo.Khothaletsa litsi tsa lichelete ho fana ka lihlahisoa le litšebeletso tse nchafalitsoeng bakeng sa lihoai ho tsetela mererong e mecha ea matla.

(3) Khothaletsa tšebeliso ea matla a macha indastering le kahong.Likhoebong tsa indasteri tse tšoanelehang le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa liindasteri, ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea merero e mecha ea matla e kang li-photovoltaics tse ajoang le matla a moea a pharalletseng, ho ts'ehetsa kaho ea li-microgrid tse tala tsa indasteri le merero e kopaneng ea polokelo ea matla a mohloli, ho khothaletsa tšebeliso e tlatsetsang le e sebetsang ea matla a mangata. , le ho nts'etsapele matla a macha Ho leka phepelo ea motlakase ka kotloloho ho eketsa karolo ea matla a macha bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla a ho qetela.Khothaletsa kopanyo e tebileng ea matla a letsatsi le meaho.Ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea theknoloji ea kopo ea ho kopanya mohaho oa photovoltaic, le ho atolosa sehlopha sa bareki ba motlakase oa photovoltaic.Ka 2025, marulelo a photovoltaic a koahelang sekhahla sa mehaho e mecha mekhatlong ea sechaba e tla leka ho fihla ho 50%;meaho e teng ea mekhatlo ea sechaba e khothaletsoa ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa tšebeliso ea mocheso oa motlakase oa letsatsi kapa oa photovoltaic.

(4) Tataisa sechaba sohle ho sebelisa matla a tala joalo ka matla a macha.Ho etsa bakhanni ba lifofane ba matla a tala, ho khothaletsa matla a tala ho etelletsa pele mokhatlong oa khoebo, kemiso ea grid, mochini oa ho theha litheko, joalo-joalo, le ho fa mekhatlo ea mebaraka lits'ebeletso tse sebetsang, tse botsoalle le tse bonolo ho sebelisa khoebo ea matla a tala.Theha le ho ntlafatsa setifikeiti se secha sa tšebeliso ea matla a tala, sistimi ea ho ngola le sistimi ea phatlalatso.Ntlafatsa sistimi ea setifikeiti sa matla a tala, ho khothaletsa khoebo ea setifikeiti sa matla a tala, le ho matlafatsa khokahano e sebetsang le 'maraka oa khoebo oa litokelo tsa tlhahiso ea khabone.Eketsa setifikeiti le kamohelo, le ho tataisa likhoebo ho sebelisa matla a tala joalo ka matla a macha ho etsa lihlahisoa le ho fana ka litšebeletso.Khothaletsa basebelisi ba mefuta eohle ho reka lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka motlakase o motala joalo ka matla a macha.

2. Potlakisa kaho ea sistimi e ncha ea matla e ikamahanyang le keketseho butle-butle ea karolo ea matla a macha.

(5) Ntlafatsa ka botlalo matla a taolo ea sistimi ea matla le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo.Fana ka karolo e felletseng ea karolo ea lik'hamphani tsa marang-rang e le sethala le lits'oants'o tsa ho aha sistimi e ncha ea motlakase, le ho ts'ehetsa le ho tataisa lik'hamphani tsa marang-rang ho fihlella le ho sebelisa matla a macha.Ntlafatsa mokhoa oa matšeliso a motlakase bakeng sa taolo ea tlhōrō le taolo ea makhetlo a mangata, ho eketsa ho tenyetseha ha likarolo tsa matla a mashala, katoloso ea motlakase oa metsi, polokelo ea lipompo le merero ea ho fehla matla a mocheso oa letsatsi, le ho khothalletsa nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea polokelo e ncha ea matla.Lipatlisiso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho khutlisa litšenyehelo tsa polokelo ea matla.Khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea phepelo ea matla a futhumatsang a letsatsi e le phepelo ea matla a ho beola holimo libakeng tse nang le maemo a matle a khanya joalo ka bophirima.Tlanya ka botebo matla a karabelo ea tlhokeho 'me u ntlafatse bokhoni ba lehlakore la mojaro ho laola matla a macha.

(6) Boiteko bo lokela ho etsoa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba marang-rang a kabo ho amohela matla a macha a ajoang.Theha li-grids tse bohlale tse phatlalalitsoeng, ho khothaletsa lik'hamphani tsa grid ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le moralo, moralo le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a sebetsang a kabo (marang-rang a sebetsang), ho eketsa matsete ho tsa kaho le phetoho, ho ntlafatsa boemo ba bohlale ho marang-rang a kabo, le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho ntlafatseng kabo. khokahanyo ea marang-rang.Bokhoni ba ho kena bo ajoa matla a macha.Etsa qeto ka mokhoa o utloahalang litlhoko tse lekanang bakeng sa marang-rang a kabo ho fumana matla a macha a ajoang.Lekola le ho etsa lipontšo tsa merero ea marang-rang ea kabo ea DC e ikamahantseng le phihlello e ncha ea matla.

(7) Tsoela pele ho khothalletsa ho kenya letsoho ha matla a macha litšebelisanong tsa 'maraka oa motlakase.Ts'ehetsa merero e mecha ea matla ho etsa litšebelisano tse tobileng le basebelisi, ho khothaletsa ho saena litumellano tsa nako e telele tsa theko ea motlakase le thekiso, 'me lik'hamphani tsa marang-rang a motlakase li lokela ho nka mehato e matla ho netefatsa ts'ebetsong ea tumellano.Bakeng sa merero e mecha ea matla eo mmuso o nang le leano le hlakileng la theko, lik'hamphani tsa marang-rang tsa matla li lokela ho kenya ts'ebetsong leano le feletseng le tiisitsoeng la theko ho latela melao le melaoana e amehang, 'me motlakase o fetang lihora tse ngata ho pholletsa le potoloho ea bophelo o ka kenya letsoho' marakeng oa motlakase. ditransekshene.Libakeng tsa liteko tsa 'maraka oa sebaka sa motlakase, khothaletsa merero e mecha ea matla ho kenya letsoho litšebelisanong tsa' maraka oa motlakase ka mokhoa oa likonteraka tsa phapang.

(8) Ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea boima ba boikarabello bakeng sa tšebeliso ea matla a tsosolositsoeng.Ka mahlale le ka mokhoa o utloahalang beha boima ba tšebeliso ea matla a matla a ka nchafatsoang ka nako e telele le mahareng a nako e telele liprofinseng tsohle (libaka tse ikemetseng, bomasepala ka kotloloho tlas'a 'Muso o Moholo), le ho etsa mosebetsi o motle mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea boima ba matla a ho sebelisoa ha matla a tsosolositsoeng le ho qheleloa ka thoko ha matla a sa tsoa eketsoa a ka nchafatsoang taolong eohle ea tšebeliso ea matla.Theha le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea boikarabello ba tšebeliso ea matla a matla a ka nchafatsoang le mokhoa oa moputso le kotlo.

Ea boraro, ho tebisa phetoho ea "ho fana ka matla, ho abela matla, ho laola litšebeletso" lefapheng la matla a macha.

(9) Tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tumello ea morero.Ntlafatsa mokhoa oa tumello ea matsete (ho rekota) bakeng sa merero e mecha ea matla, le ho matlafatsa tsamaiso ea ketane eohle le mafapha ohle pele le ka morao ho ketsahalo.Ho itšetleha ka sethala sa naha sa tumello ea marang-rang le tlhokomelo bakeng sa merero ea matsete, ho theha mocha o motala bakeng sa tumello e bohareng ea merero e mecha ea matla, ho etsa lethathamo le lebe bakeng sa phihlello ea merero le lethathamo la boitlamo ba likhoebo, ho khothaletsa ts'ebetsong ea tsamaiso ea boitlamo ba merero ea matsete a koporasi, 'me e ke ke ea eketsa matsete a sa utloahaleng a lik'hamphani tse ncha tsa matla ka litšenyehelo tsa mabitso.Khothaletsa tokiso ea merero ea matla a moea ho tloha tsamaisong ea tumello ho ea ho mokhoa oa ho kenya lifaele.Merero e felletseng ea matla e kang tlatsetso ea matla a mangata, polokelo ea thepa ea marang-rang ea mohloli, le microgrid e nang le matla a macha kaha 'mele o ka sehloohong o ka feta lits'ebetsong tsa tumello (ho rekota) ka kakaretso.

(10) Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea khokahano ea marang-rang ea merero e mecha ea matla.Ba boholong sebakeng sa matla le likhoebo tsa marang-rang tsa motlakase li lokela ho ntlafatsa moralo oa marang-rang a motlakase le merero ea kaho le merero ea matsete ka nako ho latela litlhoko tsa nts'etsopele ea merero e mecha ea matla.Khothaletsa likhoebo tsa marang-rang a matla ho theha sethala sa ts'ebeletso e le 'ngoe bakeng sa merero e mecha ea matla ho hokela marang-rang, ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling joalo ka libaka tse fumanehang tsa phihlello, bokhoni bo fihlellehang, lintlha tsa tekheniki, joalo-joalo.Ha e le hantle, likhokahano tsa marang-rang le merero ea phetisetso li lokela ho tseteloa le ho hahuoa ke likhoebo tsa marang-rang a motlakase.Likhoebo tsa marang-rang li lokela ho ntlafatsa le ho phethahatsa ts'ebetso ea tumello ea ka hare, ho hlophisa tatellano ea kaho ka mokhoa o utloahalang, le ho netefatsa hore projeke ea phepelo e tsamaisana le tsoelopele ea kaho ea phepelo ea motlakase;khokahanyo e ncha ea marang-rang le merero ea phetisetso e hahiloeng ke likhoebo tse fehlang motlakase , lik'hamphani tsa marang-rang a motlakase li ka reka hape ho latela molao le melaoana ka mor'a hore mahlakore ka bobeli a buisane le ho lumellana.

(11) Ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea litšebeletso tsa sechaba e amanang le matla a macha.Ho etsa lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo ea mehloli e mecha ea matla naheng ka bophara, ho theha pokello ea lintlha tsa lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang, 'me u thehe liphetho tse qaqileng tsa tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo le limmapa tsa mehloli e fapaneng ea matla a macha libakeng tsa tsamaiso ka holimo ho setereke le ho li fa sechaba.Theha tora ea ho lekanya moea le mokhoa oa ho arolelana data oa tekanyo ea moea.Ntlafatsa tsamaiso e felletseng ea litšebeletso bakeng sa thibelo le phokotso ea likoluoa ​​indastering e ncha ea matla.Ho potlakisa kaho ea litsamaiso tsa litšebeletso tsa sechaba tse kang litekanyetso tse ncha tsa thepa ea matla le tlhahlobo le setifikeiti, le ho tšehetsa kaho ea sethala sa naha sa phatlalatso sa boleng ba thepa e ncha ea matla le sethala sa tlhahlobo ea sechaba bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa.

Ea bone, ho tšehetsa le ho tataisa nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle le e hlophisehileng ea indasteri e ncha ea matla

(12) Khothaletsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji le ntlafatso ea indasteri.Theha sethala se kopaneng sa tlhahiso, thuto le lipatlisiso, ho aha laboratori e ncha ea matla ea boemo ba naha le sethala sa R&D, ho eketsa matsete liphuputsong tsa thuto ea motheo, le ho ntšetsa pele thomello ea mahlale a morao-rao le thekenoloji e sitisang.Kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e joalo ka "tšenolo le boetapele" le "mabelo a lipere", le ho khothaletsa likhoebo, litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale, le liunivesithi ho etsa lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng mabapi le litaba tse kang polokeho, botsitso le ts'epahalo ea litsamaiso tsa matla moo karolo ea mehloli e mecha ea matla. e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, 'me e fana ka litharollo.Eketsa tšehetso bakeng sa tlhahiso e bohlale ea indasteri le ntlafatso ea dijithale.Kopanya le ho kenya ts'ebetsong moralo oa ts'ebetso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e bohlale ea photovoltaic, 'me u ntlafatse boemo ba bohlale le boitsebiso ho potoloha sehlahisoa sohle.Khothaletsa katleho ea litheknoloji tsa bohlokoa joalo ka lisele tsa letsatsi tse sebetsang hantle haholo le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa matla a moea, le ho potlakisa ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea thepa ea mantlha ea mantlha, lisebelisoa le likaroloana.Khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea li-turbine tsa moea tse khaotsoeng, theknoloji ea ho sebelisa mochini oa photovoltaic le liketane tse ncha tse amanang le indasteri, le ho fihlela nts'etsopele ea botala bo koalehileng ho pholletsa le potoloho ea bophelo.

(13) Netefatsa ts'ireletseho ea ketane ea indasteri le ketane ea phepelo.Ho fana ka litataiso bakeng sa ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa eneji, le ho potlakisa kopanyo le boiqapelo ba theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling ea elektroniki le indasteri e ncha ea matla.Ho ntshetsapele matlafatso ya ketane ho tlatsana le ketane, le ho kenya tshebetsong taolo ya mahlale ka kakaretso ya ho nyolosa le ho theosa le molapo wa phepelo ho ya ka karohano ya basebetsi lekaleng le letjha la indasteri ya eneji.Eketsa ponaletso ea tlhahisoleseling mabapi le merero ea katoloso, ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba lisebelisoa le lik'hamphani tsa thepa ho arabela liphetohong tsa phepelo ea liindasteri le tlhoko, ho thibela le ho laola ho theoha ho sa tloaelehang ha litheko, le ho matlafatsa botsitso ba ketane ea phepelo ea ketane e ncha ea indasteri ea matla.Tataisa mebuso ea libaka ho etsa merero ea indasteri e ncha ea matla le ho kenya ts'ebetsong maemo a tloaelehileng bakeng sa indasteri ea photovoltaic.Ntlafatsa tikoloho ea ts'ireletso ea thepa ea mahlale ea indasteri e ncha ea matla, 'me u eketse kotlo bakeng sa tlolo ea molao.Beakanya taolo ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ncha ea matla, thibela nts'etsopele e foufetseng ea merero ea boemo bo tlaase, ho lokisa hang-hang mekhoa e khahlanong le tlhōlisano e hlokang leeme, tlosa tšireletso ea lehae, le ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea 'maraka le ts'ebetso ea tumello bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho fumana lik'hamphani tse ncha tsa matla. .

(14) Ntlafatsa boemo ba machaba ba indasteri e ncha ea matla.Matlafatsa tšebelisano-'moho ea machaba mabapi le litokelo tsa thepa ea mahlale indastering e ncha ea matla, ho khothaletsa tekanyo, liteko le bokhoni ba lipatlisiso tsa liteko ho fihlela boemo bo tsoetseng pele ba lefats'e, le ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahlobo ea maemo a machaba le ho lumellana le maemo a matla a moea, photovoltaics, matla a leoatle, matla a haedrojene, polokelo ea eneji, matla a bohlale, le likoloi tsa motlakase Ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho amohelana ha sephetho sa tekanyo le ho lumellana le sephetho, le ho matlafatsa kananelo le tšusumetso ea machaba ea litekanyetso tsa naha ea heso le mekhatlo ea liteko le netefatso.

5. Tiisa tlhokahalo e utloahalang ea sebaka bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea matla a macha

(15) Ntlafatsa melao ea taolo ea mobu bakeng sa merero e mecha ea matla.Theha mokhoa oa ho hokahanya bakeng sa likarolo tse amehang joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho, tikoloho, le matla a matla.Motheong oa ho finyella litlhoko tsa moralo oa naha oa naha le taolo ea tšebeliso, sebelisa ka ho feletseng mahoatata, Gobi, mahoatata le libaka tse ling tse sa sebelisoeng ho haha ​​​​sebaka se seholo sa moea le photovoltaic.Kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseling ea sebaka sa merero e mecha ea matla ho "'mapa o le mong" oa moralo oa naha oa sebaka sa naha, kenya ts'ebetsong ka tieo taolo ea libaka tsa tikoloho ea tikoloho le litlhoko tsa taolo, le ho etsa litokisetso tse akaretsang tsa ts'ebeliso ea meru le joang bakeng sa kaho ea kholo e kholo. metheo ea moea le ea photovoltaic.Mebuso ea lehae e tla lefisa makhetho le litefiso tsa tšebeliso ea mobu ho latela molao o tiileng, 'me e ke ke ea lefisa litefiso tse fetang lipehelo tsa molao.

(16) Ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso e ntle ea lisebelisoa tsa mobu le sebaka.Merero e mecha ea matla a macha e tlameha ho kenya tšebetsong maemo a ts'ebeliso ea mobu ka thata, 'me ha ea lokela ho tlola taolo e tloaelehileng, ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a ho baballa mobu, mme tekanyo ea paballo le matlafatso ea ts'ebeliso ea mobu e tlameha ho fihla maemong a holimo. indasteri e tšoanang Chaena.Ntlafatsa le ho lokisa sebopeho sa mapolasi a moea a haufi le lebopo ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea merero ea matla a moea a tebileng a leoatle;ho tiisa ho kenngoa ha lithapo tsa lithapo ho fokotsa mosebetsi le tšusumetso lebopong la leoatle.Khothaletsa nts'etsopele e kopaneng ea "scenery and fishing", le ho ntlafatsa ka nepo ts'ebeliso e ntle ea lisebelisoa tsa sebaka sa leoatle bakeng sa merero ea matla a moea le merero ea ho fehla matla a photovoltaic.

Tšelela.Fana ka ho bapala ka botlalo melemo ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le tikoloho ea matla a macha

(17) Khothaletsa ka matla tsosoloso ea tikoloho ea merero e mecha ea matla.Khomarela lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba tikoloho, lekola ka mahlale litlamorao tsa tikoloho le tikoloho le melemo ea merero e mecha ea matla, le lipatlisiso.